Übungen für Rollstuhlnutzer — adaptives Fitness, Schulterschutz, SCI-spezifische Sicherheit

Martin Ginis 2018 SCI Action Canada Physical Activity Guidelines establish the framework: 20 minutes of moderate-vigorous aerobic activity 2x/week plus strength training 3 sets x 8-10 reps 2x/week for cardiometabolic + functional benefit. Boninger 2003 + subsequent shoulder research documented the endemic shoulder overuse pattern from chair propulsion — rotator cuff impingement is the primary concern, with up to 60% of long-term manual wheelchair users developing shoulder pain. Krassioukov 2009 + SCI Action Canada AD guidelines establish autonomic dysreflexia awareness for T6+ injuries — a sudden severe BP spike triggered by noxious stimuli below the injury level (bladder distension, bowel impaction, pressure injury, fracture). It's a medical emergency requiring trigger identification + removal. Bauman 2015 documented dramatic bone loss below injury level. Pressure injury prevention from chair time is daily nutrition + skin + movement coordination. The exercise priorities are therefore: rotator cuff balance against propulsion volume, scapular control + posterior chain for posture, gentle mobility for chair-time hip + back, breath/parasympathetic regulation. AVOID heavy press without scapular control. KNOW autonomic dysreflexia signs + trigger removal protocol.

Volya's catalogue carries the foundation moves that fit adaptive training: external-rotation-band for rotator cuff balance against chronic propulsion (most important), scapular-retraction for posture against chair-stance forward rounding, wall-push-up for upper-body strength with control, diaphragmatic-breathing for parasympathetic regulation, supine-knee-to-chest for low-back release (when supine appropriate), cat-cow for spinal mobility, supported-glute-bridge for hip + glute activation when appropriate to function level, supine-piriformis-stretch. The AI coach also knows the nutrition side — Gorgey 2018 SCI metabolism: BMR decreased post-SCI; calorie needs 22-28 kcal/kg/day estimate vs 30-35 able-bodied (AVOID assumption of able-bodied targets — over-feed risk), protein 1.2-1.6 g/kg/day for upper-body lean mass + pressure injury prevention, fibre + hydration for neurogenic bowel (25-35 g/day + consistent schedule), vitamin D + calcium for bone health (regular DEXA), pressure injury prevention nutrition (calories + protein + vitamin C + zinc + arginine support skin integrity), cardiometabolic risk elevated post-SCI (Mediterranean pattern + limit ultra-processed; Cragg 2013 elevated T2D + CVD risk). CRITICAL: SCI rehab medicine specialist + spinal cord injury-specialty dietitian + Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation + United Spinal Association + 988. Autonomic dysreflexia is medical emergency — recognize + remove trigger. This is NEVER a replacement for SCI rehab medicine.