Vježbe za osobe s HIV-om — koristi ART ere, kardiometabolička zaštita, zdravlje kostiju

Pedro 2017 and the O'Brien 2017 Cochrane review established the evidence base: aerobic + resistance exercise show CD4 count + VO2max + body composition + mood benefit in people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. The 2015 INSIGHT START trial established early ART as standard of care, transforming HIV from acute illness to a chronic condition where lifestyle factors meaningfully drive outcomes. Lipodystrophy patterns (more common with older ART, less with modern INSTI-based regimens) + cardiometabolic risk elevated on some ART (especially PI-based) drive the cardiovascular focus. Tenofovir-based regimens (TDF) carry a bone-loss signal — calcium + vitamin D + weight-bearing activity + DEXA per HIV care team matter. The U=U messaging (undetectable = untransmittable; CDC 2018) is the medical reality on sustained ART. The exercise priorities are: aerobic capacity + strength for CD4 + immune resilience, posterior chain + posture for chronic-condition function, breath/parasympathetic anchors for stress + sleep + adherence support, gentle progression respecting energy fluctuation. AVOID exercise during acute opportunistic infection; AVOID grapefruit with PI regimens (significant medication interaction).

Volya's catalogue carries the foundation moves: supported-glute-bridge for posterior chain, wall-push-up for upper-body strength scaling, scapular-retraction for posture, cat-cow for spinal mobility, supine-knee-to-chest for low-back release, calf-raise-rehab for posterior-chain strength + bone-loading, ankle-pump for venous return, diaphragmatic-breathing for parasympathetic regulation + stress + sleep + adherence support, standing-march for cardio. The AI coach also knows the nutrition side — INSIGHT START 2015: early ART is standard, adherence is the most important medical factor (UNAIDS 95/95/95 framework), Mediterranean pattern + anti-inflammatory backbone for cardiometabolic protection, protein 1.2-1.6 g/kg/day for lean mass + immune recovery, bone density tenofovir signal (calcium 1000-1200 + vitamin D 1000-2000 IU/day + DEXA per HIV care team), lipodystrophy support (Mediterranean + omega-3 1-2 g/day for metabolic profile), AVOID grapefruit with PI regimens (significant interaction), food-with-medication timing depends on specific regimen (consult pharmacist), iron + B12 + vitamin D + thiamine annual labs through HIV care team or FQHC. CRITICAL: HIV care team + Ryan White-funded clinics (US sliding-fee) + 988 + AIDSinfo.gov + community health centers. U=U is medical reality on sustained ART. Treatment adherence is the medical priority — nutrition + exercise support it. This is NEVER a replacement for HIV specialty care.