Vježbe za postmenopauzalne žene — zaštita od sarkopenije, kostiju, kardio, kognitivnih promjena

Mishra 2011 + Davis 2015 IMS framework: postmenopausal estrogen withdrawal accelerates sarcopenia, bone loss (1-2%/year for first 5 years post-menopause then 0.5-1%/year), CV risk shift, and cognitive changes. Liu 2009 meta-analysis established that resistance + impact exercise meaningfully IMPROVES BMD in postmenopausal women — exercise is medical treatment for bone health, not just lifestyle. NAMS (North American Menopause Society) + IMS (International Menopause Society) guidelines support structured exercise + nutrition. HRT discussion is individual per patient + risk profile. The exercise priorities are therefore: resistance training 2-3×/week (key for sarcopenia + BMD), impact-loading where joints tolerate (jumping + brisk walking + tennis), Mediterranean / DASH dietary pattern for CV protection, posterior chain + posture support, breath/parasympathetic for sleep + mood. AVOID extended sedentary patterns (accelerates sarcopenia). AVOID restrictive crash diets (bone + lean mass loss + metabolic adaptation).

Volya's catalogue carries the foundation moves: supported-glute-bridge for posterior chain + bone-density support, wall-push-up for upper-body strength scaling, scapular-retraction for posture against age-related forward rounding, cat-cow for spinal mobility, supine-knee-to-chest for low-back release, calf-raise-rehab for posterior-chain + bone-loading, ankle-pump for venous return + circulation, diaphragmatic-breathing for parasympathetic regulation + sleep + hot flash management, standing-march for cardio. The AI coach also knows the nutrition side — protein 1.2-1.5 g/kg/day (higher than RDA) to counter sarcopenia, calcium 1200 mg/day + vitamin D 800-2000 IU/day per NAMS + IOM, Mediterranean / DASH for CV protection, omega-3 1-2 g/day for CV + cognitive, soy isoflavones food-based safer than concentrated supplements, alcohol moderate (CV + bone + breast cancer risk), iron RDA drops to 8 mg post-menopause (AVOID empirical supplementation without ferritin), B12 + folate + magnesium + zinc monitoring. CRITICAL: NAMS-certified menopause practitioner + gynecology + endocrinology + cardiology + RD with menopause familiarity + 988. Bone density DEXA + lipid + glucose + thyroid annual screening. This is NEVER a replacement for menopause specialty care.